Original Article
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.020Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Complete description of infection process explaination and virus replication in host cell through several previous articles.

  • The crucial role of type II transmembrane serine protease in the process of virus entry, and some treatment approaches.

  • We also describe several immuno evasion strategies done by coronavirus in this review.

  • The sequence of immune responses and their linkages with the severity of disease and provide of cellular level processes it.

Abstract

Background and aim

As a result of its rapid spread in various countries around the world, on March 11, 2020, WHO issued an announcement of the change in coronavirus disease 2019 status from epidemic to pandemic disease. The virus that causes this disease is indicated originating from animals traded in a live animal market in Wuhan, China. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 can attack lung cells because there are many conserved receptor entries, namely Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2. The presence of this virus in host cells will initiate various protective responses leading to pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. This review aimed to provide an overview related to this virus and examine the body’s responses and possible therapies.

Method

We searched PubMed databases for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Full texts were retrieved, analyzed and developed into an easy-to-understand review.

Results

We provide a complete review related to structure, origin, and how the body responds to this virus infection and explain the possibility of an immune system over-reaction or cytokine storm. We also include an explanation of how this virus creates modes of avoidance to evade immune system attacks. We further explain the therapeutic approaches that can be taken in the treatment and prevention of this viral infection.

Conclusion

In summary, based on the structural and immune-evasion system of coronavirus, we suggest several approaches to treat the disease.

Keywords

COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemic
ACE2
Wuhan

Abbreviations

MDA5
(Melanoma differentiation associated protein 5)
DMVs
(double-membrane vesicles)
MT
(Methyltransferase)

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